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　　　　Innermost Sanctum Ruins of Mani-dera Temple
　　　　　－Archaeological Investigation and Reconstruction Study－

　　　　　　The Principal Investigator： ASAKAWA Shigeo
　　　　　　　Tottori University of Environmental Studies
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　March, 2012

abstract：
　This is a report of excavation and archaeological study on the innermost sanctum ruins of Mani-dera temple located on Mt.Mani in Tottori city. Mani-dera is a Tendai sect Buddhism temple which has the legend of Sakra devanam Indrat's coming Advent and priest En-nin as the founder. While the present precincts are located at the foot of the mountain, there are the innermost sanctum ruins left near the top. The symbol of innermost sanctum ruins is the huge rock where double storied cave halls were drilled, and the two flat grounds were leveled in front of the huge rock. We excavated four trenches(200㎡) there for four months in 2010. By the excavation, we found many pits and a well remnant in the lower layer, and a large building remnant in the upper layer. According to the chronology of excavated potteries and radiocarbon dating, it is proved that the lower layer was made after 10th century, and the upper layer began after 16th century. We tried to reconstruct doule storied Buddhism hall of the upper layer.
　Mt.Mani is a part of San-in Kaigan Geopark, but has never been included within San-in Kaigan National Park. Finally we propose that Mt.Mani should not only be added to San-in Kaigan National Park, but also selected as Important Cultural Landscape, and the innermost sanctum ruins of Mani-dera temple should be designated as a historic site.

keywords：
　　worship for huge rocks, asceticism, esoteric Buddhism,
　　Buddhism hall in the rock cave, innermost sanctum, excavation,
　　cultural landscape, reconstruction, environmental archaeology

contents：
　Chap-1. Background and Purposeｓ of Research
　Chap-2. History of Mani-dera Temple
　Chap-3. Excavation for the Innermost Sanctum Ruins of Mani-dera
　　　　　　　Temple　
　Chap-4. Reconstruction Study on Remnants of the Buddhist Hall
　　　　　　　in Upper Layer
　Chap-5. Environmental Archaeological Study on the Innermost
　　　　　　　Sanctum Ruins of Mani-dera Temple and an Environmental
　　　　　　　Maintenance Plan　
　Appendixes：　Analysis by Physical Science Methods
　　Ａ. Boring Survey
　　Ｂ. Radiocarbon Dating
　　Ｃ. Pollen Analysis and Plant Opal Analysis
　　Ｄ. Identification of Rocks 104

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This is the report of the following two research grants

1. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research　Basic Research Program C
　　JSPS Project №22560650 　　 Fiscal Year 2010-2012
　　Subject： Yearning for Stone Cave Temples －A Comparative Study
　　　　　　　　on Types and Origin of the Buddhist temples in
　　　　　　　　the Cave and the Rock Shelter－
　　The Principal Investigator ： ASAKAWA Shigeo(TUES)

2. Grant-in-Aid for Environmental Research of Tottori Prefecture
　　Project №B1103 　　 Fiscal Year 2011
　　Subject for study： Environmental Archaeological Study on the
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Innermost Sanctum Ruins of　Mani-dera Temple
　　The Principal Investigator ： ASAKAWA Shigeo(TUES)

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